Fig. 6

Cellular internalization of the synthesized cHy-NPs. (a) The fluorescence intensity graph of cellular internalization of C6-cHy-NPs in presence of various pathway inhibitors (CPZ, MβCD, AML, and GNT) in comparison with untreated cells. The CPZ showed significant inhibition of fluorescence intensity whereas, no significant difference in fluorescence intensities is showing up in MβCD, AML, and GNT treated groups. (b) The graph shows effect of various concentrations of pathway inhibitors on cellular internalization of NPs. No significant effect of MβCD, AML, and GNT was shown at the concentration from 2.5–75 µg/mL. (c) The graph shows time-dependent cellular internalization of C6-cHy-NPs at different time intervals (0.25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h). (d) The fluorescence microscopy images of HEI-OC1 cells (scale 100 μm) after incubation with C6-cHy-NPs at different time intervals (i) 0.5 h, (ii) 1 h, (iii) 2 h, (iv) 3 h, (v) 4 h and (vi) 5 h); (green fluorescence, using FITC filter). The blue stain is showing the nuclei of the cells stained by HOECHST-33342 (using DAPI filter). [Data in the graphs were compared using two-way ANOVA and each group was compared with the ‘blank’ or control group “C” by applying Šidák multiple comparisons post-hoc tests. The family-wise alpha threshold confidence level was adjusted to 0.05 (95% confidence interval) during the analysis. (Here p ≥ 0.05 = ns, not significant)].