Fig. 2
Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. B A novel copper-doped calcium phosphate cement (Cu-CPC) was reported by incorporating copper phosphate. Controlled release of Cu2+ ions enhanced compressive strength, injectability, and improved osteogenesis and angiogenesis [87]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. C Lithium chloride-doped calcium phosphate cement (Li/CPC) demonstrated enhanced biocompatibility and osteogenesis [89]. Copyright 2017, Springer Nature. The images reproduced with the permission from D) The incorporation of Zn and Sr ions into calcium silicate/calcium phosphate cement (CS/CPC) played better and synergistic roles in the viability, adhesion, and proliferation of osteogenesis-related cells [90]. Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society. E Si and Zn can promote osteogenesis by improving the bone microenvironment and osteoinductivity synergistically [91]. Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry
Inorganic ions-modified bone cements for bone regeneration. A Schematic diagrams of the strontium ions incorporate into calcium phosphate hybrid cement and their application for bone regeneration engineering [86].