Fig. 1

Agricultural Nanotechnology as a mediator between Circular Economy and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). a The figure shows three concentric circles. The innermost circle represents the circular economy, with five components where colour intensity indicates action direction—lighter shades for decrease/minimization, darker for increase/maximzation. Encircling this, agricultural nanotechnology serves as the middle layer, linking the circular economy to the outermost layer, which represents the SDGs, divided into three sections, each with specific components. b Shown on the two pans of the balance is nanotechnology supported CE and SDGs and nanotoxicity where the latter gets counter-productive to the former, highlighting the importance of mitigating nanotoxicity