Fig. 4

Whole Transcriptome RNA Sequencing Analysis for Cartilage Organoids in the Presence or Absence of VEGF In Vitro. a Volcano plot displaying upregulated and downregulated genes in cartilage organoids with or without VEGF treatment. b Heatmap illustrating the expression levels of these genes. c Relative expression of genes related to angiogenesis, hypertrophy, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis in cartilage organoids with or without VEGF treatment. GO enrichment analyses of d upregulated genes and e downregulated genes. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of f upregulated genes and g downregulated genes